The army proved unable to completely suppress the rebels, however, and the war further eroded Yeltsin’s declining popularity. And he invariably took upon himself, let it in his heart, all the trials and tribulations of Russia, peoples' difficulties and problems.

The referendum, however, held at the same time, approved the new constitution, which significantly expanded the powers of the president, giving Yeltsin the right to appoint the members of the government, to dismiss the Prime Minister and, in some cases, to dissolve the Duma.[118]. Definition and Examples, Mikhail Gorbachev: The Last General Secretary of the Soviet Union. [42], At the same time, Yeltsin's family was growing; in September 1956, he married Girina. [148], On 31 December 1999, Yeltsin issued a televised resignation speech. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Борис Николаевич Ельцин, IPA: [bɐˈrʲis nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjelʲtsɨn] (); 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the first President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.

[212][213], Ryabov, who was formerly a close ally of Yeltsin's, claimed that his actions in the 1990s revealed that he was a turncoat. In 1960, the law that prohibited relatives of political prisoners to join the CPSU, Russia's communist party, was reversed. [63] Under his provincial leadership, work started on various construction and infrastructure projects in the city of Sverdlovsk, including a subway system, the replacement of its barracks housing, new theaters and a circus, the refurbishment of its 1912 opera house, and youth housing projects to build new homes for young families. [58] Also in 1975, his family relocated to a flat in the House of Old Bolsheviks on March Street. he said after a long silence." [74] In May 1981, he held a question-and-answer session with college students at the Sverdlovsk Youth Palace, where he was unusually frank in his discussion of the country's problems. "[119], In 1995, a Black Brant sounding rocket launched from the Andøya Space Center caused a high alert in Russia, known as the Norwegian rocket incident. Boris Yeltsin was born on 1 February 1931 in the village of Butka, Talitsky District, Sverdlovsk, then in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union. By 1991, it was obvious that this would not occur as the Ukrainian population favoured full independence. On 12 December, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR ratified the Belavezha Accords and denounced the 1922 Union Treaty. Несколько слов о Борисе Ельцине", "Yeltsin Deputy Calls Reforms 'Economic Genocide, "Russian Constitution SECTION ONE Chapter 4", "The World Was Never Closer To Nuclear War Than On Jan. 25, 1995", "Олег Наумов, Андрей Нечаев: Пройдет время, и в школьных учебниках истории о Борисе Ельцине будет записано, что это президент, заложивший основы новой демократической России", CNN, Russian presidential candidate profiles, 1906, "Gennady Zyuganov candidate profile, 1996", "The New York Times: RUSSIA AND I.M.F. By early-October, Yeltsin had secured the support of Russia's army and ministry of interior forces.

[11] In the years following his birth, the area was hit by the famine of 1932–33;[12] throughout his childhood, Yeltsin was often hungry. [216], First President of Russia from 1991 to 1999, "Yeltsin" redirects here. [49] He later claimed to have quashed plans for a Brezhnev museum in Sverdlovsk. [52] There had been plans to award him the Order of Lenin for his work, although this was scrapped after a five-story building he was constructing collapsed in March 1966. [81] After his death, Yeltsin took part in the Central Committee plenum which appointed Mikhail Gorbachev the new General Secretary of the party, and thus de facto head of government, in March 1985. [41] In June 1958 he became a senior work superintendent (starshii prorab) and in January 1960 was made head engineer (glavni inzhener) of Construction Directorate Number 13. Secessionist sentiment in the Russian Caucasus led to the First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, and Second Chechen War between 1994 and 1999. The reforms devastated the living standards of much of the population, especially the groups dependent on Soviet-era state subsidies and welfare programs. He also faced the threat of impeachment in May 1999 before his resignation in December the same year. Yeltsin served two terms (July 1991 – December 1999) which were plagued by corruption, instability, and economic collapse, ultimately leading to his resignation. Yeltsin had to decide whether to launch a retaliatory nuclear strike against the United States.

Although he belonged to the Communist Party for the better part of his life, Yeltsin appreciated a democratic and free market reforms. [60] At the Central Committee's recommendation, the Sverdlovsk obkom then unanimously voted to appoint Yeltsin as its first secretary. In the course of 1992, the speaker of the Russian Supreme Soviet, Ruslan Khasbulatov, came out in opposition to the reforms, despite claiming to support Yeltsin's overall goals. [95], Within days, news of Yeltsin's actions leaked and rumours of his "secret speech" at the Central Committee spread throughout Moscow. At the memorial service, a military chorus performed Russia's national anthem – an anthem that was changed shortly after the end of Yeltsin's term, to follow the music of the old Soviet anthem, with lyrics reflecting Russia's new status. [6] Yeltsin always remained closer to his mother than his father;[7] the latter beat both his wife and children on various occasions. In August 1991, just two months after winning the presidential election, he was confronted with a possibility of a coup against Gorbachev. [185] He also loved using the banya steambath. It seems he has for a minute, for a second, for half a minute, forgotten that Russia has a full arsenal of nuclear weapons. [186] Colton thought Yeltsin could be bullheaded,[187] and restless. It was a tragic destiny.

[94] In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of "political immaturity" and "absolute irresponsibility".

[69] In February 1981, Yeltsin gave a speech to the 25th CPSU Congress and on the final day of the Congress was selected to join the Communist Party Central Committee. Yeltsin was demoted to the position of First Deputy Commissioner for the State Committee for Construction. Yeltsin was forced to resign in disgrace from the Moscow party leadership in 1987 and from the Politburo in 1988. [11], Yeltsin stated that his "style of management" was "tough" and that he "demanded strict discipline and fulfilment of promises". [33] He devoted much time to athletics,[34] and joined the UPI volleyball team. The true number of victims in the anthrax outbreak at Sverdlovsk, about 850 miles (1,368 km) east of Moscow, is unknown. In the run-off on 3 July, with a turnout of 68.9%, Yeltsin won 53.8% of the vote and Zyuganov 40.7%, with the rest (5.9%) voting "against all". [83][84] There, he was issued a nomenklatura flat at 54 Second Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street, where his daughter Tatyana and her son and second husband soon joined him and his wife. [147] Admitting publicly that bribery was usual business practice in Russia, Mr. Pacolli confirmed in early-December 1999 that he had guaranteed five credit cards for Mr. Yeltsin's wife, Naina, and two daughters, Tatyana and Yelena. [117], On 21 September 1993, Yeltsin, in breach of the constitution, announced in a televised address his decision to disband the Supreme Soviet and Congress of People's Deputies by decree. AGREE ON A LOAN FOR $10.2 BILLION", "The New York Times: 10.2 Billion Loan To Russia Approved", CNN Interactive: Pivotal Elections: Russian Elections; Candidates: Boris Yeltsin, "Lee Hockstader, Washington Post Foreign Service", "Where Is the IMF Money to Russia Really Going? a) by leading a coup against Gorbachev's government b) by inciting a workers' revolution c) by rallying millions of Russians to support Gorbachev's reforms d) by seizing control of the communist government +7. [157] Tregubova barely escaped an assassination attempt after publishing this material.