"I was going to bite him," she recalled to Morello, "but he was dirty, so I clawed him instead." In the wake of her death, numerous newspapers ran stories detailing Morgan's trial and her effect on the civil rights movement. Her act of courage served as a vehicle of change for the betterment of African Americans throughout the United States. After high school, she married Sherwood Morgan with whom she had two children: Sherwood Jr. and Brenda Morgan (later Brenda Morgan Bacquie). This decision gave a serious blow to segregation laws and the South refused to enforce the ruling. "He touched me.

(Don Morgan, Donald Morgan), Morgan, Diane 1947- (Diane Estelle Morgan), Morgan, Jeffrey Dean 1966- (Jeffrey D. Morgan), Morgan, Jennifer L. (Jennifer Lyle Morgan), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, http://www.gloucesterinstitute.org/index.asp?bid=166, http://www.robinwashington.com/jimcrow/2_journey.html, http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_morgan.html, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/morgan-irene. Morgan was modest about her personal accomplishments by declaring in numerous interviews that her acts were not extraordinary. Olive Oldfield • She received a bachelor's degree in communications at age sixty-eight and continued at Queen's University, where, in 1990, at age seventy-three, she earned a master's degree in urban studies. American attorney Joseph P. Bradley (1813-1892) rose from his rural roots to become one of the most respected Supreme Court justice…, Roe v. Wade Morgan's first husband died in 1948, after which she met and married Stanley Kirkaldy, the owner of a dry-cleaning business. She died on August 10, 2007, while living at her granddaughter's home in Virginia.

Awards: Presidential Citizens Medal, 2001. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Ethel Booth • Raised by a religious family that discouraged questioning authority, Kirkaldy decided that her rights outweighed her obedience and she refused to give up her seat. That's when I kicked him in a very bad place.". Education: St. John's University, BS in communications, 1985; Queens University, MA in urban studies, 1990. It's something you have to do. "Morgan, Irene Florence Finch • Mabel Wachner • Irene Morgan made history in 1944, when her act of civil disobedience—refusing to relinquish her seat on an interstate bus to a white passenger—became a crucial legal battle in the struggle to end institutionalized segregation. Morgan accepted and was honored by state officials at the celebration, where it was announced that four scholarships had been established in Morgan's honor. "She always taught us that if you know you're right, it doesn't matter what anyone else thinks," said her daughter, Brenda Bacquie, to Morello. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. A half hour into the trip, a white couple boarded the crowded bus and the bus driver, under authority given to him by Jim Crow laws and segregation practices, demanded that Kirkaldy give up her seat. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. After their marriage, the couple moved to New York City, where Morgan started a business that provided domestic cleaning coupled with childcare services. Peg Griffin • © Copyright Maryland State Archives, 2010. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 93 S. Ct. 705, 35 L. Ed.

Morgan's family recalled her life as dignified, moral, and honorable, both as a civil rights leader and as a citizen. Morgan remained involved in combating injustice within her own community—as when she wrote letters to the pope protesting a situation in which a Haitian family had been denied entrance into a parochial school in New York. Career: Childcare and cleaning services, 1949-2000. In 1944, Morgan visited her mother in Gloucester after suffering a miscarriage. Kirkaldy tore up the warrant and kicked the officer when he tried to grab her. Refusing to leave the bus, Morgan took the deputy's warrant, tore it to pieces, and threw them out the window of the bus. "Irene Morgan, 1917-2007: Articles on Irene Morgan," Robin Washington Online,http://www.robinwashington.com/jimcrow/2_journey.html (December 12, 2007). Daily Press (Newport, VA), August 19, 2007. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The Middlesex County courts disagreed with Robinson's argument and ordered Morgan to pay $10 for violating state laws. In 2000, researchers preparing for Gloucester's 350th anniversary celebration uncovered information about Morgan's connection to the county. Irene Morgan was born in New Zealand on 10 March 1899. On a July morning in 1944, Kirkaldy, recovering from a miscarriage, boarded a Greyhound bus in Gloucester, Virginia, to return to her home in Baltimore.

Irene Morgan (10 March 1899 – 22 February 2008) was a centenarian from New Zealand.

By the time of Rosa Parks's historic struggle, which began in 1955 and resulted in the desegregation of all public transportation, Morgan was only passively involved in the civil rights movement. Edith Robison •

Justices heard arguments in Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia, and handed down a landmark decision for Civil Rights.

Arthur Bates • Robinson appealed Morgan's case to the Virginia Supreme Court, where the court ruled against Morgan a second time.

She recalls yelling to African Americans passing outside the window to contact her minister and notify her family of her situation. She was also the last surviving person from New Zealand born in 1899 and the 1800s. Funeral Home Services for Irene are being provided by Pietszak Funeral Home - Cheektowaga. I was sitting where I was supposed to."

Bertha Cole •

William Buttler Hayes • Contemporary Black Biography. Ethel Keen • Harlan, a native of Kentucky,…, Harry Blackmun Inez Newton • Irene Morgan (1917-2007) Irene Morgan Kirkaldy, whose defiance of white supremacy while traveling through the Upper South in the summer of 1944 led to a Supreme Court decision outlawing segregated seating on interstate bus lines, died Friday in Hayes, Va. She was 90. Contemporary Black Biography. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Irene Morgan died in Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand on 22 February 2008 at the age of 108 years, 349 days.

Wormser, Richard, "The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow," PBS Online,http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_morgan.html (December 12, 2007). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Joined NAACP Staff After her death Ruby Billings became the oldest living person in New Zealand. Morgan's mother relocated to Gloucester, Virginia, while Morgan remained in Baltimore with her husband and children. At the time, segregation laws in Virginia required African-American passengers to sit in the rear of public busses and relinquish their seats, if needed, to white passengers.

"It's a moral thing.

Irene Morgan was born in New Zealand on 10 March 1899. Stanley Kirkaldy died in 2006, and Morgan was soon diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Biography courtesy of the Maryland Commission for Women, 2010. Lillian Hickmott •

." In the 1980s, Morgan entered and won a radio contest offering a scholarship to study at St. John's University. Morgan had been feeling ill and decided to return to Baltimore for a doctor's visit. She added, "I can't see how anybody in the same circumstances could do otherwise. Kirkaldy was born on April 9, 1917, in Baltimore, Maryland. When the deputy threatened to use his nightstick, Morgan replied, "We'll whip each other."

Encyclopedia.com. Nina Brown •

Less than an hour into the five-hour bus ride from Gloucester to Baltimore, a white couple boarded the bus and the bus driver asked Morgan and a young African-American woman with an infant in tow to vacate their seats. Contemporary Black Biography. However, the date of retrieval is often important.

Irene Morgan •

In 1955, Rosa Parks followed Kirkaldy's example, and famously refused to give up her bus seat in Montgomery, Alabama.

In the twenty-first century, interest in Morgan's story resurfaced, and she was honored by civil rights organizations and the federal government for her role as a pioneer of the civil rights movement. She was the sixth of nine children born to parents who were the children of former slaves.

Mary Bromley • Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Greyhound Bus and other interstate travel companies were ordered to institute a desegregated policy; however, drivers and bus companies in some states refused to acknowledge the Court's decision. At the time, segregation laws in Virginia required African-American passengers to sit in the rear of public busses and relinquish their seats, if needed, to white passengers. Morgan was ordered to return to Middlesex County to stand for trial, where she plead guilty to resisting arrest and was fined $100, but she refused to plead guilty to violating the state's segregation laws. On June 3, 1946, they agreed that segregation violated the Constitution's protection of interstate commerce.

Charles Campbell • Morgan's mother arrived on the same day and posted the $500 bail for her daughter's release.

(September 30, 2020). Lena Ray •

John Marshall Harlan served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1877 to 1911.

Irene Morgan, Actress: Wolf Creek 2. Jessie Little • Morgan continued to take an active role in the civil rights movement by distributing flyers for desegregation in Baltimore and visiting various civil rights committees, but she did so often without revealing her own role in the Virginia court case, preferring to remain among the nameless hundreds of everyday citizens who were joining in the struggle against institutionalized racism. Less tha… Irene Morgan was born on April 9, 1917, in Baltimore, Maryland.

Kirkaldy lost her case, but with the help of the NAACP and Thurgood Marshall, it was brought before the U.S. Supreme Court. Kirkaldy's stand against discrimination and segregation landed her in jail.

Doris Mackintosh • She saw something that had to be done, and she rushed in, like all heroes.". Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Justices heard arguments in Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia, and handed down a landmark decision for Civil Rights. The bus driver drove directly to a local jail and a sheriff's deputy boarded the bus and handed her a warrant for her arrest. Florence Sedcole •