Oxford UK: Polity Press. [14] Unfortunately, there is no agreed taxonomy or criteria as to what should be considered a social determinant of health. Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. These conditions include availability of resources to access the amenities of life, working conditions, and quality of available food and housing among others. The materialist view explains how living conditions – and the social determinants of health that constitute these living conditions – shape health.

The neo-materialist explanation extends the materialist analysis by asking how these living conditions occur. [30] Environments influence whether individuals take up tobacco, use alcohol, consume poor diets, and have low levels of physical activity. [33] At the communal level, widening and strengthening of hierarchy weakens social cohesion, which is a determinant of health. Our recent work and content on this topic is listed below. Social determinants of health affect nearly everyone in one way or another.

[26] These frameworks are: (a) materialist; (b) neo-materialist; and (c) psychosocial comparison.

- Key determinants, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_determinants_of_health&oldid=981142663, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

Social determinants of health The social (or wider) determinants of health refer to the social, cultural, political, economic, commercial and environmental factors that shape the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age

A recently published article identified several other social determinants . [3][23] In the Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health, several key areas of action were identified to address inequalities, including promotion of participatory policy-making processes, strengthening global governance and collaboration, and encouraging developed countries to reach a target of 0.7% of gross national product (GNP) for official development assistance.[24].

Social Protection: Interventions such as “health-related cash transfers”, maternal education, and nutrition-based social protections have been shown to have a positive impact on health outcomes. Marmot, Michael G.; Bell, Ruth (2009). [28] Material conditions of life also lead to differences in psychosocial stress. The materialist approach offers insight into the sources of health inequalities among individuals and nations.

Within this view, three frameworks have been developed to explain how social determinants influence health. Adoption of health-threatening behaviours is also influenced by material deprivation and stress.

"[61] These recommendations would involve providing resources such as quality education, decent housing, access to affordable health care, access to healthy food, and safe places to exercise for everyone despite gaps in affluence.

For reducing health inequalities and improving health status of people, it is important to recognize main factors which are affecting health, that is, determinants of heath.

The neo-materialist view focuses on both the social determinants of health and the societal factors that determine the distribution of these social determinants, and especially emphasizes how resources are distributed among members of a society.

Our literature summaries provide a snapshot of the latest research related to specific SDOH. [17], Several other social determinants are related to health outcomes and public policy, and are easily understood by the public to impact health.

These consist of a number of overlapping factors that determine health and wellbeing.

The economic and social conditions – the social determinants of health – under which individuals live their lives have a cumulative effect upon the probability of developing any number of diseases, including heart disease and stroke. [70] These are not issues that usually come under individual control but rather they are socially constructed conditions which require institutional responses. Social determinants of health (SDOH) have a major impact on people’s health, well-being, and quality of life.

[27] Material conditions of life determine health by influencing the quality of individual development, family life and interaction, and community environments.

The United States Department of Health and Human Services includes social determinants in its model of population health, and one of its missions is to strengthen policies which are backed by the best available evidence and knowledge in the field [69] Yet it is not uncommon to see governmental and other authorities individualize these issues.

Economic Policy Research Institute (2004). [64] The lowest poverty rates are more common in smaller well-developed and high-spending welfare states like Sweden and Finland, with about 5 or 6 percent.

Health 20.10 (2015): 1-10.

Inequalities in Health: the Black Report and the Health Divide. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

[1] They are the health promoting factors found in one's living and working conditions (such as the distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power), rather than individual risk factors (such as behavioral risk factors or genetics) that influence the risk for a disease, or vulnerability to disease or injury. One of Healthy People 2030’s 5 overarching goals is specifically related to SDOH: “Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all.”.

[32] This distribution of resources can vary widely from country to country. [29] Comparisons to those of a higher social class can also lead to attempts to alleviate such feelings by overspending, taking on additional employment that threaten health, and adopting health-threatening coping behaviours such as overeating and using alcohol and tobacco. [39] Latent effects are biological or developmental early life experiences that influence health later in life. Janet Currie’s research finds that women in New York City receiving assistance from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), in comparison to their previous or future childbirth, are 5.6% less likely to give birth to a child who is underweight, an indication that a child will have better short term, and long term physical, and cognitive development.

[65], Connecting patients with the necessary social services during their visits to hospitals or medical clinics is an important factor in preventing patients from experiencing decreased health outcomes as a result of social or environmental factors.

One way this happens is due to the strain on the psychological resources of the stressed individual. More than a dozen workgroups made up of subject matter experts with different backgrounds and areas of expertise developed these objectives. (2007). "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders in US Adults with Food Insecurity."

Heiman, Harry J., and Samantha Artiga.