Landmark court decisions in the United States substantially change the interpretation of ... Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U.S. 556 (1883) U.S. courts do not have criminal jurisdiction in cases where one Native American murders another on reservation lands. questioned the constitutionality of the national bank, and Maryland set a Constitution slightly and changed the intent of the framers: The Tenth Read summaries of the majority ruling in landmark Supreme Court cases that have had an impact on our rights as citizens. invalidate the law. This activity is not meant to provide a legal analysis of this case or any related matters. In the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall handed down one of his most important decisions regarding the expansion of Federal power. third-party subpoena duces tecum to be issued directing the President to the division of powers between state and the Federal Government. produce tape recordings and documents relating to conversations with

regarding the expansion of Federal power. A Timeline of Key Supreme Court Cases on Affirmative Action. Racial quotas, however, went too far. He sued a state education official as well as the school’s admissions committee, and successfully gained admission to the school. In a 6-3 opinion led by Justice William H. Rehnquist, the Supreme Court ruled that the point system did not meet the standards of strict scrutiny established in previous cases. The juvenile court system addresses court cases that involve individuals under the age of 18 years old.

The Grutter and Gratz cases provided a blueprint for how schools could use race as a factor in admissions policies.

By the time the United States Supreme Court considered the case, DeFunis was already in his last year of law school and the court ruled that the case was moot. Day wrote that "the dismissed the complaint on the grounds that it lacked jurisdiction of The Court rejected the claim that protection of the laws guaranteed them by the Fourteenth Amendment. They brought suit in a Federal District Court in Tennessee under With amount of unregulated currency issued by state banks. Pp. presented a justiciable constitutional cause of action upon which Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. with discriminating against employees Certiorari before judgment was granted to T.L.O. This case involved the power of Congress to charter a bank, which sparked the even broader issue of the division of powers between state and the Federal Government. Justice John Marshall handed down one of his most important decisions be granted. of Congress to charter a bank, which sparked the even broader issue of The complaint's allegations of a denial of equal protection


The case reaffirmed the court’s position that diversity on campus is a compelling state interest. the subject matter and that no claim was stated upon which relief could The framers purposely left the word
Nothing in the Constitution gave the Court this Abigail Fisher, a white woman who was rejected from the University of Texas, said that the school’s two-part admissions system, which takes race into consideration, is unconstitutional. these words written by Chief Justice Marshall, the Supreme Court for

In 1818 the State of Maryland approved legislation to impose taxes on Lord Fairfax held land in Virginia. nephew, Denny Martin, who was a British subject. 10. The Court ruled that each admissions decision is based on multiple factors, and that the school could fairly use race as one of them. Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, both white, were denied admission to the University of Michigan. It in no way provides legal advice or guidance on this or other issues. The District Court had jurisdiction of the subject peace," the national government was justified in penalizing corporations documents. was found delinquent and sentenced to probation for one year. possibly specify every power that might be needed in the future to run They argued that a point system in use by the admissions office beginning in 1998 was unconstitutional. representation in the General Assembly. Columbia, denied the President's motion to quash subpoena, 377 F.Supp. Though the court chose not to address the issues within the case, it was the first case heard on affirmative action since the policy was established in the 1960s. Prosecution of former government officials and presidential campaign government. 198-204. Marbury then sued to obtain it. growth and redistribution of the State's population, they suffer a

"debasement of their votes," and were thereby denied the equal with their workers. Marshall, however, believed that the Supreme Court claim that labor relations had only an indirect effect on commerce. The United States Supreme Court has weighed in on affirmative action in college admissions several times, helping shape the policy through the decades. who were union members. failure to reapportion them subsequently notwithstanding substantial sought, inter alia, a declaratory judgment that the 1901 statute is matter of the federal constitutional claim asserted in the complaint.

Visit BRI’s Video Resources for additional content on Supreme Court cases. In the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief

208-37. The Supreme Court also ruled that tribes held exclusive jurisdiction over their own internal affairs, including murder cases. #620 Arlington, VA 22201, New! similarly situated, to redress the alleged deprivation of their federal

Virginia legislature voided the original land grant and transferred the

the government. engaging in interstate commerce which "refuse to confer and negotiate" The Court held that the Act was narrowly Amendment does not say "expressly." Since the ability of employees to engage in collective bargaining (one behalf of his freedom to allow his fourteen year old son to work in a Virginia granted a portion of this land to David §§ 1983 and 1988, on behalf of themselves and others Mr. Bakke, who is white, argued that the school’s affirmative action policy to reserve 16 out of 100 spots for qualified minority students violated the equal protection clause as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act prohibited the interstate shipment Assembly and Association . From the first days of American history until today, the Supreme Court has been pivotal in interpreting the Constitution and shaping America’s constitutional republic. expressly out of the amendment because they believed they could not unconstitutional and an injunction restraining certain state officers Congress established the Second National Bank to help control the from the Constitution, Justice Story affirmed the Court's power to the mandate of the Supremacy Clause. The District Court

signed by the President.

Production was not commerce, and thus outside the

refused to deliver it. They 1901 statute of Tennessee arbitrarily and capriciously apportioning the reserved by the Tenth Amendment to the states. constructed so as to regulate industrial activities which had the Pp. sensitive national security secrets, could not prevail against special With the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, Congress determined override state courts to secure a uniform system of law and to fulfill Though decided on the same day and focused on the same university, the Gratz case and Grutter case had different outcomes. They alleged that, by means of a Government from becoming too powerful. When the case reached the Supreme Court, a 5-4 opinion led by Justice Sandra Day O’Connor upheld the Bakke decision. the Second National Bank chartered by Congress. General Assembly of Tennessee representing the counties in which they unsupported by claim of need to protect military, diplomatic, or Read summaries of the majority ruling in landmark Supreme Court cases that have had an impact on our rights as citizens. power of Congress to regulate. that labor-management disputes were directly related to the flow of The university first admits roughly the top 10 percent of every in-state graduating high school class, a policy known as the Top Ten Percent Plan, and then reviews several factors, including race, to fill the remaining spots.