Although contraction of the vas is directly due to adrenergic mechanisms, numerous substances modulate the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic pathways. The vas deferens (Latin: "carrying-away vessel"; plural: vasa deferentia), also called ductus deferens (Latin: "carrying-away duct"; plural: ductus deferentes), is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates; these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation. A deep dissection showing the vas deferens. The ductus deferens (plural: ductus deferentes) forms part of the male internal genitalia where it transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Because multiple pathways and substrates are capable of affecting its contractility, it is not surprising that drugs and metabolic disorders influence the function of the vas deferens and, ultimately, male fertility. Oviducts may be subdivided into the infundibulum, uterine tube, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. Such storage is influenced by estrogenic hormones and has implications for strategies of life history and evolutionary ecology. Viewed from behind. The ovaries of female crabs lie in the cephalothorax on top of the hepatopancreas, unite in the midline, and extend laterally. Previous article in issue: Spinal cord segments controlling the canine vas deferens and differentiation of the primate sympathetic pathways to the vas deferens . Testis, spermatic vessels and vas deferens. The post-receptor pathway of the ATP relaxant effect in K(+)-precontracted vas deferens smooth muscle (VD) was examined. The testicular morphology as well as the vas deferens glandular structures varies widely among crustacean taxa, in accordance with the visceral anatomy and the structural complexity of spermatophores. Drug Dev Res 27:361–375, Stjarne L, Lundberg JM, Astrand P (1986) Neuropeptide Y — a cotransmitter with noradrenaline and adenosine 5′-triphosphate in the sympathetic nerves of the mouse vas deferens? Vasectomy is usually performed with the aid of a local block at the surgical site. In most of the brachyuran crabs, the paired genital system consists of the testis, vas deferens, and the ejaculatory duct opening into the penis. Incision of the vessels of the cord leads to considerable hemorrhage that is difficult to control and can obscure the other structures of the cord. Some surgeons prefer a single incision in the median raphe to allow access to both spermatic cords. Storage of the sperm prior to ejaculation is also an important function of the cauda epididymis. 3A and 4C). Female freshwater crabs mate when their carapace is hard and do not have to wait until their carapace is soft when they have just molted (as is the case for many species of marine crabs). Abstract. The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy is called ________.

13.8). Eggs are fertilized when they are laid and are then attached to the setose abdominal pleopods by long sticky threads secreted by the female. Because vasectomy is a common procedure in animals as well as human males, it tends to be regarded as simple.

IPSILATERAL SEMINAL EMISSION GENERATED BY ELECTROSTIMULATION OF THE LUMBAR SYMPATHETIC NERVE DURING NERVE SPARING LAPAROSCOPIC RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION FOR TESTICULAR CANCER.

This is also known as peristalsis. Here, the vas deferens joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct, which passes through the prostate and empties into the urethra. What cells are the stem cells for spermatogenesis? Tech. a.gl.d., accessory gland duct; a.o., accessory gland opening; d.v.d., distal vas deferens; g.o., genital orifice; i.m.o., intromittent organ; m.v.d., middle vas deferens; p.v.d., proximal vas deferens; s.c., sperm cord; s.s., sperm sac. The testes lie in the cephalothorax on top of the hepatopancreas, unite in the midline, and extend laterally into the angles of the carapace. Each genital duct consists of collecting tubules within the testis, the vas deferens, a dilated region called seminal vesicle, and finally the ejaculatory duct. J Auton Pharmacol 5:261–270, Holmquist F, Hedlund H, Andersson KE (1991) Pre- and post-junctional effects of some prostanoids in human isolated vas deferens. The cord consists of a mass of arteries, veins, and nerves enclosed by the visceral layers of the vaginal tunic. Interestingly, the mystacocarid spermatozoa are flagellate and motile but become immobilized within the spermatophore. The secretory granules are rich in protein and neutral mucopolysaccharides. Oviposition is accomplished by interactions of the above hormones tempered by adrenergic innervation. Nerve‐sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: Control mechanism, technique for nerve‐sparing and reconstruction, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19980915)42:6<398::AID-JEMT3>3.0.CO;2-J.

The gland on the left side is longer than the right and lies curved over the right gland. Within the testicular tubules, besides germ cells, other cell types, variously known as accessory, nurse, Sertoli, Sertoli-like, follicular, intercalary epithelial, or sustentacular, are also reported in different crustaceans (Hinsch, 1993). The ductus deferens also lies within its own fold of vaginal tunic. In the cancrid crab, Cancer borealis, the testis, positioned dorsal to the hepatopancreas and under the hypodermis of the carapace, is composed of seminiferous ducts surrounded by numerous large lobes lying in the anterodorsal region (Moriyasu et al., 2002). The two ducts now turn downwards side by side and each dilates in a fusiform manner to form the ampulla, the storehouse of sperm. A thick muscular sphincter in the DVD contracts to pinch off a spermatophore from the continuous spermatophoric mass within the MVD and the DVD. Neil Cumberlidge, ... David M. Lodge, in Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition), 2015. Of the two functional areas of the blastocyst, the three primary germ layers form from the ________. The incision is extended to reach the left or right parietal vaginal tunic, and the cranial aspect of this incision is grasped with Allis forceps.

Thanumalaya Subramoniam Ph.D, D.Sc, (Madras Univ); FNA, FNASc, FAAS, in Sexual Biology and Reproduction in Crustaceans, 2017. Each gland is a white, transparent, convoluted structure, with its anterior end enlarged into a club-shaped configuration (Fig. In Squilla holoschista, Deecaraman and Subramoniam (1980) observed a sperm cord that is ejaculated into the female gonopore during an elaborate mating process. The ductus deferens (plural: ductus deferentes) forms part of the male internal genitalia where it transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. Arrangement of radially branching testicular lobules in the brachyuran crab Scylla serrata.