available at: https://books.google.com/books/about/Assessing_Potential_Ocean_Pollutants.html?id=eicQOgkswusC . In theory, any law -- or individual provisions within any law -- passed by Congress should be classifiable into one or more slots in the framework of the Code. . 0000005145 00000 n The basic objective of the permit program is to "prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material that would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecosystems, or economic potentialities. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved.
BioScience 38 (December 1988): 749. Congressional findings, declaration of policy, Special provisions regarding certain dumping sites, Ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste, Prohibition on disposal of sewage sludge at landfills on Staten Island, Research program - ocean dumping and other methods, Comprehensive coastal water quality monitoring program, Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act, U.S. Public Vessel Medical Waste Anti-Dumping, Comprehensive Research on Ocean Dumping Act, National Academy of Sciences (1975).
However, New York City, and eight municipalities in New York and New Jersey filed a lawsuit against the EPA objecting to the order to end their ocean dumping practices. The EPA, working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), determined that ecological impacts such as shellfish bed closures, elevated levels of metals in sediments, and introduction of human pathogens into the marine environment were attributed entirely or in part to sludge dumping at the 12 mile site. Web. Some authors refer to the existence of a late P…, Panthalassa The name given to the vast oceanic area that surrounded Pangaea when that supercontinent was in existence. The act regulates the ocean dumpin… x�b```���l� cc`a�8� �.�m0;��Ȧ0G�/G5��*�}���k�:��09,��U��0AS���� *\. Ocean dumping is the act of throwing away waste into the ocean. 0000014288 00000 n [3][10] The EPA's research is related to the phasing out of ocean disposal activities and its role includes conducting research, surveys, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations, and studies to aid in their search for dumping alternatives.[3][3]. Sometimes classification is easy; the law could be written with the Code in mind, and might specifically amend, extend, or repeal particular chunks of the existing Code, making it no great challenge to figure out how to classify its various parts. 0000013010 00000 n 0000001383 00000 n A Federal district court granted judgment in their favor, allowing them to continue ocean dumping under a court order. [3][10], Under certain circumstances, each of the states is permitted to regulate ocean dumping in waters within their own jurisdiction.
Environmental Encyclopedia. 0000001563 00000 n Public Law 96-332 provides that any marine sanctuary designation will not be effective if the Governor of an affected state finds it unacceptable, or if Congress form a concurrent of dissproval (must occur within 60 days).
An inventory of current research activities. Web. Public Law 100-627 authorized appropriations of $13.5 million for Title II for Fiscal Year 1989, and $14.5 million for Fiscal Year 1990. Finally, the Ban Act requires vessels transporting solid waste over the New York Harbor to the Staten Island Landfill to use nets to secure the waste to minimize the amount that may spill overboard.
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Tethys was a minor arm of this…, Subduction zones occur at collision boundaries where at least one of the colliding lithospheric plates contains oceanic crust . The Ocean Dumping Ban Act, enacted in 1988, significantly amended portions of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 and banned ocean dumping of municipal sewage sludge and industrial waste (with limited exceptions) by phased target dates. The Marine Protection, Research, Sanctuaries Act gives way for a national network of marine sanctuaries that are administered by NOAA. Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law. Web.
Canada has been preventing pollution from disposal at sea through permits since 1975, first under the Ocean Dumping Control Act, then the original CEPA, and now under CEPA 1999.
The remaining industry, which was dumping hydrochloric acid waste, also ceased its activities before the 1988 Ban Act became law. The Ocean Dumping Act (“Act”) is a U.S. federal law, enacted in 1972, that gives the U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) the responsibility for regulating the dumping of all materials except dredged material.
0000012600 00000 n "Wretched Refuse Off Our Shores." After the 1991 deadline penalties rose to $600 per ton for any sludge dumped, and increased incrementally in each subsequent year. [10] In 1986 amendments, Congress directed that ocean disposal of all wastes end at the traditional 12-mile site off the New York/New Jersey coast and that they be moved to a new site 106 miles offshore. Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law Congressional Research Service 4 to conduct surveillance and other appropriate enforcement activities to prevent unlawful transportation of material for dumping, or unlawful dumping.
The EPA can issue permits for dumping of materials other than dredge spoils if the agency determines, through a full public notice and process, that the discharge will not unreasonably degrade or endanger human health or welfare or the marine environment. :%@���LJ�� �H0�d� �+u�� Congressional reports are required annually. And as we said before, a particular law might be narrow in focus, making it both simple and sensible to move it wholesale into a particular slot in the Code.
Among all sorts of activities that pollute the ocean, dumping of garbage and other waste materials stands first in the list. ."
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Facility or Plantship, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plantship, 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003, 3-A Sanitary Standards and Accepted Practice.
Those ocean dumpers that continue beyond December 31, 1991 are allowed to use a portion of their penalties for developing and implementing alternative sewage sludge management strategies.
[3] Results of these actions are used to provide the information required to devise and execute effective programs under the Clean Water Act and Coastal Zone Management Act. [9] The U.S. Coast Guard is in charge of the surveillance of ocean dumping.[9].
." The Ban Act also includes provisions not directly associated with dumping of sewage sludge or industrial waste at sea. _̍,S�Q���pA3���%��2&�,Ӵ؆��ʇ;��Ev�s 0000008243 00000 n "Monitoring, Research, and Surveillance of the 106-Mile Deepwater Municipal Dump Site and Environs. [9] The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers agency is in charge of dredged spoils. [9] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is in charge of the research on the changes of the marine environment that are caused by humans. Learn more about the MPRSA and how EPA protects human health and the marine environment from pollution caused by ocean dumping . Title III allows the Secretary of Commerce to designate discrete areas as National Marine Sanctuaries after conferring with the heads of involved federal agencies and state and local governments, as appropriate. [4][13] The establishment of these sanctuaries is important in helping to promote comprehensive management of their special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, research, educational, or aesthetic resources. As a result, often the law will not be found in one place neatly identified by its popular name. 0000012179 00000 n L. 92-532, title I, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. An overview of marine environmental quality in the region. [�y� The entities from New Jersey and New York continued to dump a total of approximately eight million wet metric tonnes of sewage sludge (half from New York City) annually into the ocean. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ocean-dumping-ban-act-1988, "Ocean Dumping Ban Act (1988) Dumping restrictions were enacted for both U.S. flag vessels and materials transported from a location outside the U.S. With respect to the latter category, dumping was prohibited within the U.S. territorial sea and the U.S. contiguous zone.